Search results for "Antiviral resistance"

showing 6 items of 6 documents

Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

2016

Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in Europe is stable at around 8%. The impact of baseline mutation patterns on susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs should be addressed using clinical guidelines. The impact on baseline susceptibility is largest for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

MaleHuman immunodeficiency virus 1EtravirineRNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitordarunavirHIV InfectionsSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata:Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public Health [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]Salud públicageneticsInhibidores de proteasas:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings]atazanavirmedia_commontransmission:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings]3. Good healthmicrobial sensitivity testpriority journalEurope ; HIV-1 ; antiretroviral therapy ; drug resistance ; transmissionHIV/AIDSlamivudineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacologyanti human immunodeficiency virus agentDrugMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyantiviral susceptibility:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings]media_common.quotation_subjectantiretroviral therapy030106 microbiologyHIV Infections/drug therapy:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Antiviral Agents::Anti-Retroviral Agents::Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]Microbial Sensitivity TestsRILPIVIRINEArticleEFAVIRENZ03 medical and health sciencestransmitted drug resistanceSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingHumansTransmissionhuman:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Pharmacological Phenomena::Drug Resistance [Medical Subject Headings]REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORSRilpivirinaINTEGRASEMUTATIONSabacavirmajor clinical studyVirologyInfecciones por VIHRegimenAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Medicine (all); Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseaseschemistryDrug resistance:Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds 1-Ring::Oxazines::Benzoxazines [Medical Subject Headings]MutationHIV-10301 basic medicinenevirapineDrug resistanceCommunicable diseases:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Confidence Intervals [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compoundantiviral therapyINFECTIONMedicine and Health SciencesPrevalence:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Surveys and Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings]ViralNon-U.S. Gov'tReverse-transcriptase inhibitorantiretrovirus agentResearch Support Non-U.S. Gov'tMedicine (all)Human immunodeficiency virus infected patientMiddle AgedvirologyPREVALENCEAntiretroviral therapyEncuestas y CuestionariosANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENTEuropeInfectious DiseasesHIV-1/drug effectsHIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacologyRilpivirineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors:Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [Medical Subject Headings]FemaleHIV drug resistancemedicine.drugAdultHuman immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Nitriles::Rilpivirine [Medical Subject Headings]EfavirenzAnti-HIV AgentsResearch SupportResistencia a medicamentosSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEantiviral resistanceInternal medicineAnti-HIV Agents/pharmacologyDrug Resistance ViralJournal Articlemedicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Enzyme Inhibitors::Protease Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]abacavir plus lamivudineEuropa (Continente)Antiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Resistance Viral; Europe; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mutation; Prevalence; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesemtricitabinenonhumanIntervalos de confianzadrug resistanceMutaciónAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmissionbusiness.industryHIVpredictionInhibidores de la transcriptasa inversaHIV Protease InhibitorsHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectiontenofovirINDIVIDUALSDrug Resistance Viral/geneticsBenzoxazinasETRAVIRINEdrug effects3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicinePrevalenciabusiness
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The evolution of collective infectious units in viruses

2019

Viruses frequently spread among cells or hosts in groups, with multiple viral genomes inside the same infectious unit. These collective infectious units can consist of multiple viral genomes inside the same virion, or multiple virions inside a larger structure such as a vesicle. Collective infectious units deliver multiple viral genomes to the same cell simultaneously, which can have important implications for viral pathogenesis, antiviral resistance, and social evolution. However, little is known about why some viruses transmit in collective infectious units, whereas others do not. We used a simple evolutionary approach to model the potential costs and benefits of transmitting in a collect…

Viral pathogenesisviruseseducationGenome ViralBiologyVirus ReplicationGenomebehavioral disciplines and activitiesArticleEvolution Molecular03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicine030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesVirus AssemblyAntiviral resistanceVirionDefective VirusesModels TheoreticalVirologyViral replicationViral genomesVirus Diseasespopulation characteristicsRNA Viral030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Patterns of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Europe vary by risk group

2014

BACKGROUND: In Europe, a continuous programme (SPREAD) has been in place for ten years to study transmission of drug resistant HIV. We analysed time trends of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) in relation to the risk behaviour reported. METHODS: HIV-1 patients newly diagnosed in 27 countries from 2002 through 2007 were included. Inclusion was representative for risk group and geographical distribution in the participating countries in Europe. Trends over time were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS: From the 4317 patients included, the majority was men-having-sex-with-men -MSM (2084, 48%), followed by heterosexuals (1501, 35%) and injection drug users (IDU) (355, 8%). MSM…

MaleEpidemiologygenotypeHuman immunodeficiency virus 1HIV InfectionsRNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitorhigh risk patientLogistic regressionSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E ApplicataMen who have sex with men0302 clinical medicineImmunodeficiency Virusesmiddle agedstatistics and numerical data10. No inequalitySubstance Abuse Intravenous0303 health sciencesadulttransmissionvirus diseasesvirus transmissionhighly active antiretroviral therapyHIV immunopathogenesis3. Good healthMedical MicrobiologyViral Pathogenshigh risk behaviorMedicineScience & Technology - Other TopicsPOPULATIONShealth programanti human immunodeficiency virus agentUSERSmedicine.medical_specialtyScienceSexual BehaviorImmunologySexually Transmitted Diseasesintravenous drug abuse-Microbiology03 medical and health sciencesAntibiotic resistanceSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingHuman immunodeficiency virus infectionproteinase inhibitorHumansProtease InhibitorshumanHeterosexualityMicrobial PathogensseroconversionMedicine and health sciencesScience & TechnologyGenitourinary InfectionsMUTATIONSVirologymajor clinical studyLogistic Modelstransmitted drug resistance mutationHeterosexualityHIV-1Viral Diseases:Medical sciences: 700::Basic medical dental and veterinary sciences: 710::Medical immunology: 716 [VDP]drug responsemen who have sex with menDrug resistanceClinical immunologygeographyAPPEARANCEmale homosexualityMedizinische Fakultätimmune system diseasesEpidemiologyINFECTIONMedicine and Health Sciencessubstance abuse030212 general & internal medicineriskMultidisciplinaryACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPYTransmission (medicine)virus mutationQRarticleObstetrics and GynecologyHIV diagnosis and managementMiddle AgedvirologyMultidisciplinary SciencesEuropeInfectious Diseasesfemale:Medisinske fag: 700::Basale medisinske odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710::Medisinsk immunologi: 716 [VDP]Reverse Transcriptase InhibitorsHIV clinical manifestationsFemaleepidemiologyblood samplingHIV drug resistanceResearch ArticleAdultRiskrisk-groupAnti-HIV AgentsUrologyprevalenceInfectious Disease Epidemiologysexual behaviorRisk-Takingmaleantiviral resistanceInternal medicineDrug Resistance Viralmedicinecontrolled studyddc:610Homosexuality Male030304 developmental biologydrug resistanceBiology and life sciencesbusiness.industrystatistical modelHIVCD4 lymphocyte countheterosexualitynonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectionDiagnostic medicineINDIVIDUALSdrug effectsWomen's Healthbusinesstrend study
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Biomedical implications of viral mutation and evolution

2012

Mutation rates vary hugely across viruses and strongly determine their evolution. In addition, viral mutation and evolution are biomedically relevant because they can determine pathogenesis, vaccine efficacy and antiviral resistance. We review experimental methods for estimating viral mutation rates and how these estimates vary across viral groups, paying special attention to the more general trends. Recent advances positing a direct association between viral mutation rates and virulence, or the use of high-fidelity variants as attenuated vaccines, are also discussed. Finally, we review the implications of viral mutation and evolution for the design of rational antiviral therapies and for e…

Genetics0303 health sciencesMutation rateAttenuated vaccine030306 microbiologyvirusesAntiviral resistanceVirulenceBiologyVaccine efficacy3. Good health03 medical and health sciencesVirologyViral evolutionMutation (genetic algorithm)Experimental methods030304 developmental biology
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2018

In many viral infections, a large number of different genetic variants can coexist within a host, leading to more virulent infections that are better able to evolve antiviral resistance and adapt to new hosts. But how is this diversity maintained? Why do faster-growing variants not outcompete slower-growing variants, and erode this diversity? One hypothesis is if there are mutually beneficial interactions between variants, with host cells infected by multiple different viral genomes producing more, or more effective, virions. We modelled this hypothesis with both mathematical models and simulations, and found that moderate levels of beneficial coinfection can maintain high levels of coexist…

0301 basic medicineGeneticsHost (biology)Genetic variantsAntiviral resistanceVirulenceBiologymedicine.diseaseMicrobiology03 medical and health sciencesMultipartite030104 developmental biologyViral genomesVirologyCoinfectionmedicineDiversity (business)Virus Evolution
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2019

Viruses frequently spread among cells or hosts in groups, with multiple viral genomes inside the same infectious unit. These collective infectious units can consist of multiple viral genomes inside the same virion, or multiple virions inside a larger structure such as a vesicle. Collective infectious units deliver multiple viral genomes to the same cell simultaneously, which can have important implications for viral pathogenesis, antiviral resistance, and social evolution. However, little is known about why some viruses transmit in collective infectious units, whereas others do not. We used a simple evolutionary approach to model the potential costs and benefits of transmitting in a collect…

0303 health sciencesCancer Research030306 microbiologyvirusesViral pathogenesisAntiviral resistanceBiologyVirologyGenome03 medical and health sciencesInfectious DiseasesMultiplicity of infectionViral replicationViral genomesVirologyViral evolution030304 developmental biologyVirus Research
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